tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2006727001994028442024-03-12T21:45:01.767-07:00 100 Years of Trenches Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.comBlogger48125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-31261643788302432722016-08-17T18:07:00.000-07:002016-08-17T18:07:17.460-07:00An open letter regarding the Elsie Locke Award and 'Anzac Heroes'<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>My grandmother, Elsie Locke, was a highly regarded author of children's books. Although I'm proud that her name is associated with several different awards for children's fiction, I am angry and offended by the fact that her name is now associated with an abysmal book called 'Anzac Heroes'. This is a copy of my letter to the three judges of the New Zealand Book Awards (Children's Non Fiction section):</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dear
<span style="background: white; color: #2c2c21; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Fiona Mackie, Kathy Aloniu and Melinda
Szymanik:</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I
am writing to you to express my deep distress and concern regarding your choice
of the recent winner of the Elsie Locke Award for Children’s Non Fiction. I
believe that my grandmother, were she alive today, would be deeply shocked and
offended by the selection of Maria Gill’s ‘Anzac Heroes: 30 Courageous Anzacs
from WWI and WWII’. Elsie Locke fought hard for the causes of peace and social
justice, and this struggle necessarily involved a considered opposition to war
propaganda and war glorification. Maria Gill’s book is a textbook example of
‘Anzackery’, the sentimentalised and militarised version of Anzac remembrance
which currently dominates the school system and the mainstream media. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I
struggle to find a suitable analogy for the contrast between the book and my
memory of Elsie Locke. “Chalk and cheese” metaphors do not begin to describe
the intellectual and spiritual dissimilarity between the two. Imagine a
parallel universe in which Winston Peters had some connection with children’s
literature and had his name bestowed on the award instead of Elsie Locke.
Consider the inappropriateness of this Winston Peters Award being given to a
book about, say, ‘Chinese Heroes: 30 courageous immigrant stories’. Multiply
that inappropriateness by a factor of one hundred or so, and you will have some
sense of the contrast and contradiction your recent decision has created.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Elsie
Locke did not write very much about Anzac day. I’m not sure if she ever
attended an Anzac service, but I vividly recall the fact that as a child my
mother prevented me attending Anzac dawn parades because she thought them
ethically and politically compromised by a more or less pronounced attachment
to pro-war sentiments and ideas. This attitude makes perfect sense when you
consider the influence her mother Elsie had upon her:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">‘In the aftermath of the First World War,
April 25 was a day of deep mourning, when no one would have dreamed of
suggesting to grieving families that their men had died for no good reason. As
time went on, the emphasis on the sacrifices they had made was increasingly
linked with the glorification of war itself and the idea that boys growing up
must be prepared to do the same again. The Returned Soldier’s Association,
later the Returned Services’ Association, held the premier place in the
ceremonies. Fighting for one’s country was regularly emphasised as a virtue in
itself, with no questions raised about why the men were called upon to fight,
or whether their sacrifice was necessary.’ </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That’s
a quote from Chapter 40 (‘Anzac Days’) of Elsie Locke’s book ‘Peace People: A
History of Peace Activities in New Zealand’. The rest of the chapter is about
how anti – Vietnam war protestors mobilised against the reactionary imperialist
sentiments of Anzac day to further the causes of peace and social justice. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Although
schoolboy tales of Daring and Heroic soldiers were not the kind of stories my
grandmother indulged in, she was an insightful commentator on the effects of
war and the way that it can change people’s minds about politics and society.
Here’s another quote from Chapter 13 (‘The Aftermath of War’):</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">‘But there were many counter-currents
flowing. The peace settlement of 1919, the Treaty of Versailles, was a shock
and a revelation to many humane people who had sincerely expected some kind of
a better world. The terms imposed on a beaten Germany were so vengeful, onerous
and humiliating that the ‘war to end war’ was exposed as a hollow slogan.
Germany could never be expected to remain permanently disarmed and saddled with
the war guilt. Retaliation was sure to follow. This vindictive settlement was a
key factor in the conversion to pacifism of O.E. (Ormond) Burton, a twice
decorated returned soldier and the author of the official history of the
Auckland regiment. He was not the only one who felt betrayed and cheated, and
who now probed into the politics behind the fighting.’</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Had
Elsie Locke ever written a book about New Zealand war veterans, it would very
likely have included Ormond E Burton. She would likely have quoted passages
from his book <i>The Silent Division, </i>which
vividly portrays the horrendous and inhuman reality of the trenches of WWI. Had
she written the book for a younger audience she would have had the highest
respect for the natural inquisitiveness of children. Why was New Zealand
involved in such a far away war? Did everyone support the war? What effect did
it have on women and children? What happened to the soldiers when they got
home? Why were we fighting the Germans? Who benefitted from the war? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It
is exactly these sorts of pertinent and critical questions which are completely
and utterly lacking from Maria Gill’s book ‘Anzac Heroes’. Rather than looking
at WWI and WWII in a broad social and historical context, Gill takes the
perspective of military history. What’s important is battles, and in particular
Heroes. Each Anzac Hero gets a full two page colour spread. They pose
heroically with guns or binoculars or stethoscopes. We learn about all the
medals they received, and detailed timelines tell us about the battles they
fought. There are maps showing the details of military manoeuvres, historical
photos showing scenes from the trenches (without a speck of blood) and a
glossary at the end of the book with entries like ‘adversary’, ‘flak’, ‘booby
trap’ and ‘garrison duty’. There is a cartoonish and commercial quality to the
presentation. It is easy to imagine a very similar looking book describing
‘Star Wars’ heroes, with detailed diagrams of the Death Star and hyper-real
pictures of Luke Skywalker and Han Solo posing next to their spaceships. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Buried
at the end of the book in the ‘Medics’ section is a table of casualties,
accompanied by a small amount of text which describes some of the horrific
injuries suffered by the soldiers. This token recognition is massively
outweighed by the dominant tone of the book: it’s about Brave Soldiers and
exciting War Stories. ‘Anzac Heroes’ is a 21<sup>st</sup> century Boys Own adventure,
a history lesson for 12 year old boys who want to continue playing with toy
soldiers with all of their illusions intact. History is reduced to the violent
acts of men in uniform, and the violence itself is cloaked behind a sentimental
narrative of bravery and sacrifice. Let’s recall those words of my grandmother
once again: ‘Fighting for one’s country was regularly emphasised as a virtue in
itself, with no questions raised about why the men were called upon to fight,
or whether their sacrifice was necessary.’ This book clearly exemplifies this
attitude exactly: it glorifies the bravery and character of the people who
fought without any sort of critical thinking about why they fought. This
reverential and sentimental approach towards our history is noxious. It not
only fails to engage in any sort of critical thinking about war, it effectively
encourages a moral prohibition on such critical questions being posed. Respect
for bravery and sacrifice prevent us even considering the difficult questions
around the impact of violence, war and politics. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There
are many other criticisms and comments I could make about ‘Anzac Heroes’, but
it is probably more worthwhile to simply point out the review I wrote on my
blog: <a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.co.nz/2016/08/heroic-hogwash.html">Heroic Hogwash</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I
would also encourage you to read Carolyn Holbrook’s speech to the UNSW History
Teacher’s Summer School, which discusses the question of how Anzac history
should be taught in Australia. It begins with these words:</span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“Tonight I
want to make an argument about how the history of the First World War should be
taught to Australian school children. I agree with Stuart that we need to teach
our children about the Australian experience of World War One within a broader,
international setting. But I think we should go further. I believe that we need
to educate our children, and indeed broader society, about the fact that Anzac
commemoration<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><em><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;">itself</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>has a history. That the ‘spirit of
Anzac’ did not descend in its present form on 25 April 1915. That it has been a
dynamic and fascinating phenomenon. And, in its changing forms over the course
of a century, the Anzac legend has held a mirror to Australian society.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://honesthistory.net.au/wp/holbrook-carolyn-speech-to-adfa-history-teachers-summer-school/">http://honesthistory.net.au/wp/holbrook-carolyn-speech-to-adfa-history-teachers-summer-school/</a><span style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I have spoken to other members of
my family who also feel that the award is offensive and inappropriate. It has
been pointed out that Elsie deeply respected the values of autonomy and free
speech. So it would be appropriate and honourable for us as a family to not
interfere or prejudice your decisions as judges of the award, to avoid any form
of what might be judged to be censorship. Freedom of speech goes both ways
however, and I will be exercising my right to express my critical opinion on
this book loudly and publicly.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Yours
Sincerely,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tim
Leadbeater (grandson of Elsie Locke)</span></div>
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Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-18187189738620528442016-08-10T18:42:00.001-07:002016-08-11T00:29:44.750-07:00Heroic Hogwash<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz3d0pyxG2VLvPFvuhcFM02KEmx0fuG2SOtYs5FvNA4zyYJNaWzDngpnpROjngLZk4Zu5MO41UIDlqnZjC-fMSmBXIwHQEIhGV5EJNHToiT39os4Nxn93tXXt0os_NxwAxcgwLhV0ypesF/s1600/anzac+heroes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz3d0pyxG2VLvPFvuhcFM02KEmx0fuG2SOtYs5FvNA4zyYJNaWzDngpnpROjngLZk4Zu5MO41UIDlqnZjC-fMSmBXIwHQEIhGV5EJNHToiT39os4Nxn93tXXt0os_NxwAxcgwLhV0ypesF/s320/anzac+heroes.jpg" width="244" /></a></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">German planes bombed
Reg’s ship and he made a lucky escape from the wrecked boat. When he arrived in
Crete, he had only the clothes he wore and nothing else. After thousands of
enemy paratroopers parachuted into Crete, Reg’s battalion was meant to replace
20<sup>th</sup> Battalion, which had counterattacked Maleme airfield, but
arrived too late to succeed. They withdrew to the new frontline at Souda Bay,
nicknamed 42<sup>nd</sup> Street. When a raiding party of 400 Germans stumbled
into sight, the Anzacs called out a battle cry, firing as they ran, thrusting
their bayonets at the enemy. The German fighters fled for their lives.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“They were highly
trained Germans, but they got such a shock at our din and the way we ran that
they forgot they were supermen, and ran … the whole 400 of them.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This is a quote from page 68 of Maria Gill’s “Anzac Heroes”,
and it gives you an idea how exciting this book is to read. ‘Reg’ is Reginald
Saunders and there is a really realistic picture of him in uniform holding a
massive machine gun over his shoulder, the same image is on the cover. We can
scan the page and very easily tell exactly what medals he was awarded for his
bravery. The coloured medal icons are listed in the helpful “medals” section at
the back of the book. We can also tell very easily which of the five aspects of
History Reginald took part in: the little tank icon means ‘Army’. (The other
four aspects are Air Force, Intelligence, Medic and Navy). A helpful kangaroo
icon tells us that he is Australian. Sometimes when reading ‘Anzac Heroes’ it’s
a bit confusing which hero belongs to which war, WW1 or WW2. After all, the
Germans were the Baddies in both wars. I figured out though that Reginald
belongs to WW2, as page 68 belongs to the second half of the book. There’s a
really cool map with lots of arrows on it half way through the book to show
that we are moving from WW1 to WW2. There’s a boring timeline too with lots of
dates and facts about which battle was which, but I preferred to skip this part
and just focus on the really cool war stories.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Some really racist and sexist books about war focus just on
heroic white men. <i>Anzac Heroes</i> doesn’t
do this, it has several brown heroes (both Aboriginal and Maori) and several
women. The women aren’t quite as cool as the men because they only get to be
nurses or spies. The Aboriginal and Maori soldiers are really cool though, they
were really brave and sometimes scared the Germans by doing Hakas and war
dances. Actually, even though there were lots of racist people back in the old
days, war was really good for Maori and Aboriginal soldiers. Soldiers like
Reginald Saunders got lots of awards and like it says on page 69 the RSL even
set up a scholarship in his name for Aboriginal people. Another example is the
Maori soldier Lt Col Sir Peter Buck who proved how awesome he was in Gallipoli
and then got to be second in command of the Maori Battallion and then became a
famous anthropologist. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The best things I liked about ‘Anzac Heroes’ were the pictures
and the really realistic war stories and how heroic the soldiers were. You get
to learn all about different types of medals and lots of different battles.
There are also some very helpful and in-depth sections at the back which talk
about things like The Military, The Medics and a Glossary. So you can look up
funny words like ‘gangrenous’, ‘panzer’ and ‘flak’. There’s even a section
which explains in depth why the Anzac heroes had to fight against the Germans:</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At the beginning of
the 20<sup>th</sup> Century, New Zealand and Australia were part of the British
Empire as self-governing Dominions. When Britain went to war, they committed themselves
to defending Empire. Politicians worried that the war would spread to their
shores and wanted to support the Empire’s effort to prevent that from
happening.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So I think that the moral or the message of the book is that
Anzac Heroes needed to fight the Germans so that they didn’t land in Australia
or New Zealand and take over our countries. If it wasn’t for the brave and
daring fights that they got into, we’d all probably be speaking German now and
doing Nazi salutes. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">But really the best thing about <i>Anzac Heroes</i> that stood out for me and would make me recommend it
to my friends and family was the fact that it wasn’t even about politics or
history it was about character and bravery. Like it says in the introduction:</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“While reading about
each hero you will discover what built their character, what helped and
hindered them during the war, and what happened to them afterwards – if they
made it home.”<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So in conclusion I think <i>Anzac
Heroes</i> is a really good book which belongs on the bookshelf of every New
Zealand and Australian home. It’s got lots and lots of important facts about
heaps of battles from WW1 and WW2 and also some really realistic pictures. It
has a personal touch which means it isn’t boring to read and also it is very
moving and emotional because of the sacrifices made by the Anzac soldiers. Lest
We Forget. </span></div>
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Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-74259988914215976132016-06-18T19:19:00.000-07:002016-06-18T19:41:03.745-07:00The Price of War<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The recent publication of the Defence White paper, with its
announcement of an extra $20</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> billion to be spent on the military over the next
fifteen years, has not raised a huge amount of controversy. With the exception
of a small number of critical commentators, the reception of this massive
funding increase has been on the whole fairly positive. None of the major
political parties have come out against the major thrust of the paper. Phil
Goff, the Labour Defence spokesman, has <a href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PA1606/S00156/shortcomings-in-defence-white-paper.htm">criticised the paper for its lack of specifics</a>, but clearly supports the idea that our military forces need much
more money. Ron Mark from New Zealand First <a href="http://www.newshub.co.nz/tvshows/paulhenry/nz-first-slams-defence-budget-2016060911#axzz4BzDILq00">complains</a> that $20 billion is not
enough, and worries about the military effectiveness of the spending decisions
to be made. No one questions the received wisdom: New Zealand spends a pittance
on its military forces, they are well over due for some extra funding.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The statistic that gets trotted out repeatedly is the
(supposed) fact that New Zealand spends just 1% of its GDP on defence. Compared
to other countries this is very small. Our nearest neighbour and ally Australia
spends closer to 2%, the United States spends around 3.5%. As an ally and
trading partner, New Zealand should ‘pull its weight’ and share a proportional
military burden. Putting to one side the important and controversial question
of whether New Zealand should ally itself with these or other much bigger
international players, is it true that we spend just 1% of our GDP on
defence? Is this the most appropriate
way to measure our military spending? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The claim is almost true for the past decade. Following an
international trend beginning at the end of the cold war, New Zealand <a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.co.nz/2015/07/new-zealands-military-expenditure.html">decreased</a> its military spending over the course of the 1990s. Whereas the United States
drastically increased its military spending in the wake of 9/11, New Zealand’s
spending (as a % of GDP) decreased gradually to a level of around 1.1 – 1.3% of
GDP, where it has floated steadily since around 2005. Two points need to be made
about this statistic. First, it doesn’t mean that New Zealand has been spending
roughly the same amount of money each year on defence. As the economy grows,
even tiny looking percentages grow proportionally. In 2012 for example, New
Zealand spent 1.2% of its GDP on defence, just under $2.586 billion dollars. In
2015 it spent the same 1.2%, which was then worth $2.956 billion. That’s an
increase of $370 million. Inflation accounts for some of this, but we are
looking at huge increases over and above basic inflation rates year by year
nevertheless. Secondly, tiny looking increases in percentage figures are huge
when they are taken from gigantic sums such as national GDP figures. According
to Statistics New Zealand, New Zealand’s GDP for the 2015 year was $245 billion.
One percent of this sum is $2.45 billion. Each 0.1% increase is worth $245
million. It is not pedantic or obsessive to look closely at these apparently
minor differences, these hundreds of millions of dollars would have a massive
impact in any area of New Zealand’s small economy.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The claim that New Zealand spends just 1% of its GDP is
absolutely false for the year 2016. According to the <a href="http://www.treasury.govt.nz/budget/2016/summarytables/estimates/09.htm">official budget statistics</a>, New Zealand will spend a total of $3,695,573,000 on defence in 2016.
This figure does not contain any of the $20 billion mentioned in the white
paper, so the true total will be much higher. Even if we ignore the extra $20
billion, this amount works out to 1.46% of GDP. Not too far behind Australia’s
figure for 2015, 1.92% of its GDP. If we try to take the extra $20 billion over
fifteen years into account, we get a much bigger figure. No details about when
and exactly what the $20 billion will be used for have been released, so we
don’t know how much, if any, will actually be spent in 2016. Although
assumptions can be dangerous, if past history is anything to go by the safest
assumption to make here would be that the planned $20 billion will in reality
blow out to a much larger sum. I’ll make the conservative assumption that it
doesn’t, and also that it will be evenly spread out over the fifteen years.
That results in an additional $1.333 billion for 2016, bringing the grand total
military expenditure to over $5 billion. As a percentage of GDP, that is 1.99%.
</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Should we focus on military spending as a proportion of GDP?
Although this statistic is useful when you are comparing different countries
with each other, it does not help us understand the impact military spending
has on our domestic economy. A much more relevant statistic for this purpose
would be military spending as a proportion of total government expenditure.
Five billion dollars is a chunky 5.59% of total government expenditure.
Comparing this to what we spend on health and education, the impact of preparing
for war is very apparent: defence spending is almost one third of the entire
health budget, and just under a half of the entire education budget. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Now
that we have a sense of the scale and impact of the massively increased
military budget, we can turn to the question of why it has been so drastically
increased. The Defence white paper itself lists a number of <a href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11652807">‘strategic challenges’</a> for New Zealand in the years ahead up to 2040:</span></div>
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<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;">The rising
sophistication, range and number of actors operating within New Zealand's EEZ,
Southern Ocean and South Pacific</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;">The increasing likelihood of a terrorist
attack in New Zealand since 2010</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;">A more rapid
evolution and spread of cyber attacks than anticipated</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;">Heightened
tensions in the East and South China Seas</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;">Increases in
military spending across South East Asia</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;">Intensifying
turmoil in the Middle East and North Africa</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="background: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; line-height: 150%; text-indent: -18pt;">Degraded
relations between Russia and the West</span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are two types of justifications used by the
legions of media commentators who heartily approve of New Zealand’s increased
military budget. The first is a liberal- humanitarian green tinted justification,
which emphasises local responsibilities in the Pacific region. We need bigger
and better planes for disaster relief, better boats to defend against illegal
fishing in the Southern Ocean. In a recent <i>Stuff</i>
article, Stacey Kirk writes about the need for New Zealand’s Defence Force to <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/politics/opinion/80896862/Stacey-Kirk-Not-the-benign-strategic-environment-of-old-the-Defence-Force-targets-sights-closer-to-home"> “target sights closer to home”</a>. The picture just below the headline shows a group of
Adelie penguins on an iceberg in Antarctica, with the caption “If it's not
scientific research and conservation, then New Zealand has to play a part in
looking out for these little guys”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The second approach emphasises the dangers facing
New Zealand in the international arena, and the need to protect ourselves from
a wide range of threats. In a <a href="http://www.newshub.co.nz/politics/defence-to-focus-on-cyber-security-threats-to-military-2016060807#axzz4Aw10Kv29">recent interview</a> with Paul Henry, a visibly
excited and somewhat swivel-eyed Patrick Gower declares that “New Zealand has a
new enemy”. China has developed a 100,000 strong army of cyber soldiers, who
regularly attempt to hack the computers of the New Zealand government. To play
its part in the “global war games” New Zealand must spend a “small fortune” on something
called “cryptographic infrastructure”. Neither Paul Henry nor Patrick Gower
know what this is exactly, but speculate that it is “some kind of software”. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">A more sober and serious
example of this right wing imperialism can be found in <a href="http://www.nbr.co.nz/opinion/editors-insight-defence-paper-takes-right-step-forward">Nevil Gibson’s recent piece for NBR</a>, in which he downplays the importance of cute penguins and
tropical tornadoes, and emphasises instead the dangerous and violent world of
21<sup>st</sup> century power politics: </span>“the White Paper outlines the
new dangers that have emerged since 2010 – China’s expansion into the East and
South China Seas, increased military spending in Southeast Asia, ‘degraded’ relations
between Russia and the West; and, of course, the threat of terrorism (still
rated as low-risk) and “intensifying turmoil” in the Middle East and North
Africa.” </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Gibson’s article also contains this
very insightful sentence: </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“This will be welcomed by New
Zealand’s allies, such as Australia and the US, who may detect a stronger
commitment to defending this country’s wider interests than just the immediate
maritime environment.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Underneath all of the spin, this is the most significant and convincing reason for New Zealand’s increased
military budget. Cute penguins, illegal fishing, tropical cyclones and even
Gower’s army of Chinese cyber warriors provide comfortable and predictable click-bait
for the superficial observer of New Zealand’s military spending. The real
reason has to do with the New Zealand state’s relationship to its much bigger
imperial partners, Australia and the United States. The crucial and complex
question of how these historical loyalties relate to the overall geo-political
situation, in particular the question of how New Zealand has an ambiguous and
contradictory stance regarding China, I will put to one side and refer to
Gordon Campbell’s excellent <a href="http://gordoncampbell.scoop.co.nz/2016/06/10/gordon-campbell-on-the-new-defence-white-paper/">recent article.</a></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Returning instead to those
percentage-of-GDP statistics discussed above, there is something apparently
quite magical about that 2% of GDP figure New Zealand is now so incredibly
close to. Australia’s recent Defence white paper also heralded a massive
increase to its military spending, on a scale far more vast and lethal. Nuclear
submarines, drones, helicopters, satellites, planes and a list of other new
military items will be purchased by the Australian military in the coming
years. These billions of dollars of increased spending are partly the result of
intense and vigorous lobbying by people such as Tony Abbott, who pushed for a
2% of GDP target for military spending. Although consistently higher, Australia’s
military spending has been <a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.co.nz/2015/07/new-zealands-military-expenditure.html">hovering</a> around 1.7 – 1.9% of GDP since the mid
1990s. The same considerations I outlined above apply even more so to
Australia, as its economy is more than seven times the size of New Zealand’s,
the effect of small percentage increases will be even more massive. Interestingly,
Australia has actually de-coupled its projected military budget from any
constraint to do with a % of GDP target. This is to ensure against the
possibility that Australia’s economy might shrink, and with it the 2% of GDP
military allowance. As Ben Eltham observes in a <a href="https://newmatilda.com/2016/02/26/defence-white-paper-a-recipe-for-big-spending-and-bigger-risks/">recent New Matilda article</a>, “<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">the White
Paper sets out a concrete timeline of spending, committing to the budget no
matter the external economic circumstances.</span>”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%;">The 2% of
GDP target is also a political hot potato for the European countries in the
NATO coalition. Only five of NATO’s 28 countries spend more than 2% of their
GDP on military expenses: United States, Britain, Poland, Estonia and Greece.
In 2006 all of the NATO countries agreed to a 2% target, with the United States
pushing the hardest for member countries to increase their military spending.
In more recent years, especially since the conflict between Russia and the
Ukraine, pressure from the US has increased. Obama has been particularly vocal
on this issue, which has managed to strain even the ‘special relationship’
between Britain and the US. Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump
all <a href="http://money.cnn.com/2016/04/15/news/nato-spending-countries/">agree</a> with Obama on this issue, and urge NATO countries to spend more money
on their military forces. </span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 24px;">This pressure to spend more and more money on 'defence' is part of a broad international pattern of increasing military expenditure. Although there is no explicit publicly announced pressure on New Zealand to meet a 2% of GDP target, with Australia striving for and surpassing that goal, and the US putting pressure on European countries to meet that same goal, it is easy to imagine New Zealand political leaders worrying about what Obama thinks of their military contribution. When the government of the day is one which clearly could not care less about things like the housing crisis, refugees or paid parental leave, and slavishly fails to depart from its allegiance to US imperial interests and entanglements, it is not surprising that New Zealand is following the crowd in spending more money on its military. </span></span></div>
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Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-84963566137175987332016-04-26T00:51:00.003-07:002016-04-26T17:28:51.507-07:00Best of Anzac day 2016<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have been meaning to write here for some time, but for various reasons it just hasn't happened. Top of my list is to write about the year 1916 - the year of the first Anzac day commemoration, and also the year conscription was introduced. It's a dark and shameful year in New Zealand's history, in which the rhetoric of sacrifice is the driving force behind the move to introduce compulsory military service. Was the first Anzac day commemoration a significant part of this lead up to the introduction of conscription? How did people opposed to New Zealand's involvement in the imperialist slaughter deal with the emotionally charged atmosphere of the time? Hopefully I will have the time soon to do justice to these questions.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In lieu of anything original, here are my Anzac picks of 2016:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The best and most prominent act of counter propaganda was without doubt the fantastic Archibald Baxter - field punishment - "guerilla installations" dotted around Wellington. What makes this even better is the Stuff article and the accompanying video, unusually positive for this time of year: <a href="http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/last-post-first-light/79299545/conscientious-objector-archie-baxter-remembered-in-guerilla-wellington-sculpture">http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/last-post-first-light/79299545/conscientious-objector-archie-baxter-remembered-in-guerilla-wellington-sculpture</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Peace Action Wellington may or not be responsible for this, but they have some really good pictures of the Archie mannequins: <a href="https://peaceactionwellington.wordpress.com/">https://peaceactionwellington.wordpress.com/</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Renee Gerlich takes on the grotesque spectacle of Peter Jackson's 'Scale of our War' exhibition at Te Papa, and does a fine job of cutting it down to size. I was somewhat depressed when I visited Wellington recently and saw for myself the massive ques of people lining up to see this exhibition. If only they could all be directed to this:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: #fffdfd; color: #606666; font-family: "lato" , "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 29.92px;"><i>Not only does Te Papa seek to re-sell the “grand adventure” story all over again, but to bond us to it, have us identify with it. Through the uniforms you can don, the questions you are invited to answer, the poppies you can leave heartfelt messages on – but also through its insistence on speaking in the first person plural. It’s the scale of “our” war. “We” were in Egypt when they told “us” that “we’d” be invading Gallipoli. “The Turks had sided with the Germans in the war, and we were itching to take them on… that’s where the action was.” That text is not even quoted from a letter or a journal. That’s just Te Papa speaking – as your quintessentially Kiwi, male war hero “mate”.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Read the full blog here: <a href="https://reneejg.net/2016/04/22/gallipoli-the-scale-of-our-war-propaganda/">https://reneejg.net/2016/04/22/gallipoli-the-scale-of-our-war-propaganda/</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Over the ditch where the Anzackery is even more hyped and pumped by gazillions of state dollars, not everyone is buying the same old story. Historian and aboriginal activist Gary Foley contrasts the attention paid to Anzac day with the denial of Australia's own colonial history: <a href="http://www.theage.com.au/comment/gallipoli-not-the-only-war-to-define-australian-warfare-20140424-zqymi.html">http://www.theage.com.au/comment/gallipoli-not-the-only-war-to-define-australian-warfare-20140424-zqymi.html</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I posted last year about Scott McIntyre, the sports reporter who was fired from his job after a series of 'offensive' tweets about Anzac day. McIntyre referred to several historical episodes which are typically ignored by Anzac commentators: the so called 'battle of the Wazza', the Surafend massacre, the raping of Japanese women by Anzac soldiers and our complicity with the mass murder of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. It is not hard to imagine the immense pressure someone in McIntyre's position must have come under after this episode, so I am very impressed to see that he has not succumbed and continues to offend people blinded by Anzac nonsense: <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/25/former-sbs-reporter-scott-mcintyre-repeats-anzac-day-accusations-on-twitter">http://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/25/former-sbs-reporter-scott-mcintyre-repeats-anzac-day-accusations-on-twitter</a></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Finally, this youtube video of a debate between Australian academics is really worth a look. I think it might be from a year or two ago, but I only discovered it today thanks to the sharing miracles of facebook. The moot is the proposition "Anzac day is more puff than substance", and the first speaker (Jeff Sparrow) absolutely nails it. He starts about seven minutes into the clip, and doesn't talk too long: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk5MgWXDM2A&feature=youtu.be&t=7m16s">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk5MgWXDM2A&feature=youtu.be&t=7m16s</a></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-15699041894161434442016-02-10T00:59:00.000-08:002016-02-11T11:00:45.319-08:00Archibald Baxter vs. the TPPA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiACC7d3D7gujWcFpe2DNqcaAE98uq-nYgi1LJVYxdFVUTKL6-tMP4nIdPmSPs7IeyJ6bnH_a7T78whz6UdbdtAAzxq0dRT7tMvzlGRHoDozRKf20_sp78hORqd9VuRUZXMl6dgdFYOLBPv/s1600/tepapa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiACC7d3D7gujWcFpe2DNqcaAE98uq-nYgi1LJVYxdFVUTKL6-tMP4nIdPmSPs7IeyJ6bnH_a7T78whz6UdbdtAAzxq0dRT7tMvzlGRHoDozRKf20_sp78hORqd9VuRUZXMl6dgdFYOLBPv/s400/tepapa.jpg" width="327" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There’s a real sense of optimism and excitement after the
massive protests against the TPPA signing in Auckland recently. I’ve taken part
in several anti TPPA protests myself, and it’s been great to see the movement building
strength and momentum. The standout feature of these protests has been their
vociferous and disruptive militancy: roads are blocked, arms are linked and
dildos get thrown. There is at the same time a debate going on about the
appropriateness of various tactics used, with a great deal of anxiety around
the issue of ‘violence’. I’m firmly on side with the rude disrupters on this
issue, and it’s fairly easy to draw a line connecting these dots: fences broken
and rugby fields occupied in 1981, nuclear ships and subs challenged by fleets
of boats and canoes in 1985, motorways blocked by TPPA protestors 2016. All of
these non violent protest actions are the embodiment of principled passion,
they are ‘rude’ in-your-face gestures intended to wake people up.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When it comes to Anzac day, these sorts of confrontational
protest gestures don’t always work. The most recent high profile Anzac protest
was in 2007, where Valerie Morse and others burnt a New Zealand flag during the
dawn service. Morse and others instantly became the subject of righteous and
indignant outrage, and although the protest was brave and principled, it did
not have the desired effect.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">With these thoughts in mind I was pleasantly surprised to
read about an anti-TPPA protest action in Te Papa museum, in which Renee
Gerlich and <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pa<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">la Molisa</span></span> draped a massive banner over the “Gallipoli: The Scale of
our War” exhibit. The words now read “Our Imperial War”, and were accompanied
by a picture of Archibald Baxter – ‘We Will Not Cease – TPPA No Way!’. With the
streets of Auckland blockaded on the same day, and dildos being thrown just a
couple of days later, this creative and provocative protest didn’t get much
coverage. One News picked it up, and fairly predictably packaged the story
using the tweeted outrage of a talkback radio host: “Extremely Disrespectful
TPP protestors target Anzac Exhibition”. Someone told Cameron Slater about it,
and (again fairly predictably) the slimy bowels of the Whaleoil comments
section spat threats and abuse against Gerlich.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I spoke to Renee on the phone a few days ago, and she told
me about how she had planned and carried out the protest action together with <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">fellow activist</span> Pala Molisa. The cost and
logistics were quite challenging – the banner they draped over the exhibition
title measured 8m by 8m, and needed to be carefully crammed into a tramping
backpack. Pala and two signwriters constructed the scaffold and <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">did the painting (with some assis<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">tance from a trusty OHP projector), check out<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> these photos <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">to get an idea of the Sca<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">le of This Protest:</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXubReXCloF0yTiQ7Gj65g-aiwkpXWxmQHdNR3Xg0HKev4yTDFPE3QanL0EMOuPKUQ5P1cFS7qZXa4wDG0lzCQgDwVgMh0iNMjqWZoLaW-OtgAbs54qriZMTqQ0LGcnAZj3meMV12NX6ur/s1600/IMG_3974.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXubReXCloF0yTiQ7Gj65g-aiwkpXWxmQHdNR3Xg0HKev4yTDFPE3QanL0EMOuPKUQ5P1cFS7qZXa4wDG0lzCQgDwVgMh0iNMjqWZoLaW-OtgAbs54qriZMTqQ0LGcnAZj3meMV12NX6ur/s400/IMG_3974.JPG" width="298" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Renee was surprised by the immediate response: embarrassed and
decidedly non-angry security guards escorted her away from the scene, no
charges were laid. She also made the point that by using Te Papa as the site of
her protest, she was being faithful to what public museums should be – places where
dialogue about the past can occur, as opposed to the monolithic sentimentalism
of Peter Jackson’s Gallipoli.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">From Pala and Renee's press release:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><br />
<blockquote style="background-color: white; color: #222222;" type="cite">
<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The designer of the art intervention, Renee Gerlich, states, “The standard line in our commemorations is that New Zealand soldiers fought and died to defend democracy for future generations. The 4th of February TPPA signing is fundamentally anti-democratic, and in breach of both the treaty and human rights law.”</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">“The TPPA has been made behind closed doors and favours the interests of corporations over the public. The TPPA flies in the face of democratic culture.”</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Dr Pala Molisa states, “The signing of the TPPA today punctuates a long series of corporate-driven policy changes that systematically undermine all our foundational democratic institutions.”</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gerlich concludes, “So it gives the lie to this ‘democracy’ line. It is unacceptable for our government and social institutions to be glorifying the deaths of thousands of soldiers for a cause they are at the same time prepared to completely undermine.</span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This action questions whether our soldiers actually died for democracy. We believe they were unjustly forced into an imperial war. We also believe that this imperialism continues, and that the TPPA is an example of its current form. This is the reality that our social institutions, like Te Papa should be encouraging public dialogue about, rather than exhibiting nationalistic propaganda, which undermines the truth about our glorious dead.”</span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I’m impressed by the connections this action makes between the
militaristic imperialism of WW1 and the economic imperialism of the TPPA. Finance
capital, transnational corporations, nation states and power politics: books
and academic theses can and have been written on these topics, just as the TPPA
has already generated an intricate and sophisticated discourse about its
economic and political implications. The image of Archibald Baxter cuts through
the obtuseness of economics and history: a working class farmer who says No to great Powers, someone who will not cease from mental fight. As a
protest icon Baxter was very significant during the Vietnam war era, so why not
draw on his legacy now in 2016? </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Just how rigorous and solid is the link between imperialism
in 1914 and the TPPA? There’s a very good article by Christian Fuchs which
argues for the relevance of Lenin’s concept of imperialism in today’s world.
Key terms include ‘finance capital’ and ‘nation states’: <a href="http://fuchs.uti.at/wp-content/uploads/imperialism.pdf">Critical Globalization Studies: An Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of the New Imperialism</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There’s also a very convincing portrait of the economic
background to New Zealand’s involvement in the TPPA: Jane Kelsey’s <a href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL1507/S00101/the-fire-economy-new-zealands-reckoning-by-jane-kelsey.htm">FIRE Economy</a>. F stands for finance capital … </span></div>
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***<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Renee and Pala also made use of the spirit of the Anzacs in another protest action on Buckle Street by Massey:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The speech bubbles read "If we died for democracy then why is New Zealand now being sold?". Threatened with arr<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">est by the police for the use of Disre<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">spec</span>tfu<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">l</span> St<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">ickers, this protest didn't last too long but <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">still deserves recognition.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pala Molisa is a committed anti TPPA activist who also writes a blog, check out his speech at a recent TPPA rally here: <a href="http://blackstone.net.nz/2015/11/14/march-against-the-tppa-a-talk-outside-parliament/">http://blackstone.net.nz/2015/11/14/march-against-the-tppa-a-talk-outside-parliament/</a> </span></div>
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Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-38071599452751976872015-11-06T15:27:00.001-08:002015-11-07T12:41:50.250-08:00The Origins of Archibald Baxter’s Pacifism - part one<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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months I have been working on an article provisionally titled 'The Origins of
Archibald Baxter's Pacifism'. It's going to cover the period between the Boer
war (1899 - 1902) and 1916 (conscription), with a focus on the young Archibald
Baxter and the Otago region. There will be three main sections:</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"></span></span></div>
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Richard Barclay and the Boer war</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"></span></span></li>
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to New Zealand in 1908</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"></span></span></li>
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article up to a publishable standard by early next year, but until then here is
a draft version of the first part on A R Barclay and the Boer war. This is just
a blog, so I can theoretically say anything I want, but with this sort of thing
I strive for factual accuracy. If anyone reading this can spot a mistake, or
would like to make any comment at all, <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">please leave a comment or email me.</span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The Origins of
Archibald Baxter’s Pacifism</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>PART ONE: Alfred
Richard Barclay and the Boer war</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Archibald Baxter’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">We
Will Not Cease</i> is rightly famous as an incredibly powerful pacifist
statement. Of the fourteen <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">conscientious objectors</span> who <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">were forced on board the troopship <i>Waitemata</i> in 1917 and taken to the trenches</span>, Baxter is the only one who wrote a
memoir. Out of the thousands of New Zealanders who resisted the pressures of
the hegemonic pro – war forces in the years between 1914 and 1918, Baxter was
one of a small handful who actually experienced the horrors and brutality of
the trenches in Europe. </span></div>
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</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/11/the-origins-of-archibald-baxters.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-19681990752064999042015-08-08T15:39:00.000-07:002015-08-08T22:32:47.800-07:00Anzac Day and the Politics of Forgetting<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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</xml><![endif]--><i>This is the full text of a speech I gave recently for the International Socialist Organisation in Wellington and Dunedin. For a shorter version of the speech, go to the ISO website: <a href="http://iso.org.nz/2015/07/22/the-anzac-spectacle-gallipoli-peter-jackson-and-the-politics-of-forgetting/">http://iso.org.nz/2015/07/22/the-anzac-spectacle-gallipoli-peter-jackson-and-the-politics-of-forgetting/</a></i><br>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">This year New Zealand and Australia
commemorated the 100<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Gallipoli campaign. One
hundred years ago thousands of Allied troops invaded what was then the Ottoman
Empire on April 25<sup>th </sup>1915. The ensuing eight month battle was a grim
and bloody affair fought within a tiny section of the Mediterranean coastline.
Casualties were heavy on both sides, with the number of Turkish / Arab deaths
being by far the highest. It was the first major battle the newly christened
'Anzac' soldiers had been involved in, and the large number of deaths had a
profound impact upon the people of New Zealand and Australia. The following
years of battle took an even heavier toll, but this first shock assumed a sort
of mythic status, and now the date of April 25<sup>th</sup> is the focus of WW1
commemoration in New Zealand and Australia.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br>
<div class="Standard" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br>
</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/08/anzac-day-and-politics-of-forgetting.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-59140368363134491762015-08-01T23:49:00.000-07:002015-08-01T23:52:17.743-07:00Links Update - war profiteering, a potential peace initiative, Archibald Baxter Memorial Trust<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A few months ago I received an email from Stuart Moriarty - Patten, with a link to his article about War profiteering in the Gisborne Herald. I should have put up a link then, but never actually did. I noticed that the same article got reprinted in the 'No Glory' website here:</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://noglory.org/index.php/articles/478-war-is-a-racket-how-new-zealand-was-hurt-by-ww1-profiteers-too">http://noglory.org/index.php/articles/478-war-is-a-racket-how-new-zealand-was-hurt-by-ww1-profiteers-too</a> </span><br>
<br>
</div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/08/links-update-war-profiteering-potential.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-1105354259295256652015-08-01T20:36:00.001-07:002015-08-01T21:00:09.561-07:00World Military Expenditure<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I’ve been studying the SIPRI military expenditure database
quite closely, trying to get my head around the statistics to do with world
totals. The first challenge is the sheer size of the data: billions and
trillions of $US. According to the latest SIPRI factsheet (April, 2015), world
military expenditure in 2014 was $1776 billion. If you look at the raw
spreadsheet data, you get a more exact figure of</span></div>
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</span><br>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">$1776.15478538343 (billion)</span></div>
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</span><br>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">That’s this number: $1776154785383.43</span></div>
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<br>
</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/08/world-military-expenditure.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-4525288876984686892015-07-19T21:13:00.001-07:002015-07-19T23:41:20.664-07:00New Zealand’s Military Expenditure<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">A few weeks ago Bryce Edwards wrote an interesting column
called ‘New Zealand’s Military future<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=200672700199402844#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a>’.
He provided links to numerous recent articles which discussed the current
government’s Defence Review, and the question of how much New Zealand should
spend on its military. The most prominent commentators Edwards linked to were
Chris Trotter and Karl du Fresne, both of whom argued that New Zealand should
seriously consider increasing its spending on “defence”.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I’m going to declare my cards very clearly before going any
further: I think that increasing New Zealand’s “defence” spending is both wrong
and absurd, and I agree with commentators like Bob Jones and Richard Jackson
that New Zealand’s “defence” budget should be zero dollars. I think that a much
better and more historically appropriate term for “defence spending” would be “offence
spending”. But for the purposes of this blog article I am going to strive to
put my ideological position to one side. I will use the neutral term “military
spending”, and I will refrain from making any comments about imperialism,
nationalism, how nasty and dangerous China might be in the future, and so on.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Instead, I will focus very narrowly on some claims both du
Fresne and Trotter make about the size of New Zealand’s military spending and
how it compares to other countries. Both commentators blithely and confidently
claim that New Zealand doesn’t spend very much at all on its military,
especially in comparison to its major allies: the US, UK and Australia. Trotter
says:</span><br>
<br>
</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/07/new-zealands-military-expenditure.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-17504165729291393612015-04-20T14:30:00.003-07:002015-04-21T02:39:29.966-07:00Links Update<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I was really pleased to receive an email from Jared Davidson recently, he is the author of </span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://garagecollective.blogspot.co.nz/2014/05/fighting-war-anarchists-wobblies-and.html">Fighting War: Anarchists, Wobblies and the New Zealand State 1905 - 1925</a> </span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">....which I referred to in an <b><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.co.nz/2015/03/all-that-clack-about-british-empire.html">earlier post</a></b>. There's a fascinating history here which tells the stories of socialists, anarchists, anti - miltarists and labour activists who were opposed to the war. They might have been a minority group, but the more I read about them the more significant I think they are. He has written two other valuable articles which cast more light on this history:</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://garagecollective.blogspot.co.nz/2012/12/socialist-cross-of-honor-markings-of.html">Socialist cross of honour: Makings of a working class counter culture</a> </span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">and</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://libcom.org/history/remains-be-seen-tracing-joe-hills-ashes-new-zealand">Remains to be seen: Tracing Joe Hill's Ashes in New Zealand</a> </span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I'm also going to highlight a specific page on the 'Honest History' website which has a list of links to articles and information about the Armenian Genocide. There is a lot more of interest contained in the Honest History site, it is a really valuable resource.</span><br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><a href="http://honesthistory.net.au/wp/honest-history-list-armenian-genocide/">Honest History list - Armenian Genocide</a> </span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Finally (for now) a piece by Dougal McNeill - impressions and reflections on Anzac day inspired by his experience of the opening of the Pukeahu National War Memorial Park in Wellington. I think his comments on Anzac as a kind of hyper-real spectacle are spot on, and I suspect there is more to be said on this topic. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://naehauf-wayhoose.blogspot.co.nz/2015/04/anzac-theyll-remember-it-for-us.html">Anzac: they'll remember it for us wholesale</a></b></span></span><br />
<br /></div>
Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-18171066505721459552015-04-19T14:27:00.001-07:002015-04-19T14:29:06.435-07:00Ormond E Burton and Anzac Nationalism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b><br></b></span></div>
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</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span><br>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
There's a famous quote by Ormond E Burton which gets mentioned many
times by Anzac commentators: ‘somewhere between the landing at
Anzac and the end of the battle of the Somme New Zealand very
definitely became a nation.’ . Just what this means exactly, and
just how much of our so called 'national identity' derives from our
inheritance of WW1 battle experience is a subject I will leave to the
various newspaper and magazine editors. I'm much more interested in
the man Ormond E Burton, and how this conservative trope squares –
or fails to square – with his subsequent statements about
nationhood and his militant pacifism.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span>
<div style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br>
</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/04/ormond-e-burton-and-anzac-nationalism.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-53088203252347834002015-04-17T21:52:00.001-07:002015-08-08T21:04:57.369-07:00The Absurdity and Obscenity of Gallipoli<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">As we appoach the
Gallipoli centenary, I have set myself the task of re – reading
some of the best examples of New Zealand writing about the disastrous
invasion. There are three books, Ormond E Burton's 'The Silent
Division', Robin Hyde's 'Passport to Hell' and Alexander Aitken's
'Gallipoli to the Somme', all based upon first hand experiences of
New Zealanders who fought in the bloody trenches of Gallipoli. I'll
start with the horror and some images of the 'fallen'. Here is
<span style="font-size: small;">Private J. D.
Stark (8/2142, Fifth Reinforcements, Otago Infantry Battalion)</span><span style="font-size: small;">
describing the bodies of the dead:</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span>
</div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></span>
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</span>
<br>
<div style="font-style: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.25cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">But the dead who waited in No Man's
Land didn't look like dead, as the men who came to them now had
thought of death. From a distance of a few yards, the bodies, lying
in queer huddled attitudes, appeared to have something monstrously
amiss with them. Then the burying-party, white faced, realised that
twenty four hours of the Gallipoli sun had caused each boy to swell
enormously – until the great threatening carcases were three times
the size of a man, and their skins had the bursting blackness of
grapes. It was impossible to recognise features or expression in that
hideously puffed and contorted blackness<a class="sdendnoteanc" href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=200672700199402844#sdendnote1sym" name="sdendnote1anc"><sup>i</sup></a>.</span></div>
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</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-absurdity-and-obscenity-of-gallipoli.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-81057668640940329472015-04-14T17:57:00.001-07:002015-04-14T17:57:50.702-07:00A link to my Daily Blog Anzac post<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Here's a link to my 'Guest Blog' at the Daily Blog. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://thedailyblog.co.nz/2015/04/14/guest-blog-tim-leadbeater-an-anzac-thought-experiment/?utm_content=buffer0e895&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer">An Anzac Thought Experiment</a> </span></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span>I've submitted an edited version of this to a few mainstream press papers too. I have never done this before, but obviously this is the only time of year I am going to have a chance of getting mainstream exposure. My goal for the next ten days is to write a series of short, punchy pieces which will hopefully travel beyond the already converted readership of this blog. Any words of advice about how I might improve my chances would be appreciated. The Daily Blog is a good start, but I reckon if this blog was doing its job properly I would get heaps of abusive comments on it. So Please help me out and share the word on facebook at least. </span></div>
Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-91945084572739946952015-04-14T17:32:00.002-07:002015-04-14T17:35:18.058-07:00Haunted Gold: the dubious profits of Gallipoli<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Based on interviews with war veteran Douglas Stark, Robin Hyde's book
<i>Passport to Hell</i> is one of the most readable and insightful
books about the New Zealand experience of the trenches of World War
One I have read. Starkie is a rebellious, tough and frequently
violent character who gives a raw and completely unsentimental
picture of the reality of trench warfare. As we approach the
Gallipoli centenary it is his descriptions of the blackened and
bloated corpses lying in No Mans Land which stick in my mind most of
all. What also comes to my mind is the focus of Hyde's Gallipoli
narrative: money. After the horror and sense of disgust has worn off,
Starkie and his mates focus on gambling. Trench warfare involved a
huge amount of boring waiting, and Anzac soldiers filled up the hours
with coin games of 'Two Up' and card games to distract themselves
from both the tediousness and the horror of the war:</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span></span>
<div style="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span></span><br>
</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/04/haunted-gold-dubious-profits-of.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-61756614109784364152015-04-13T22:01:00.003-07:002015-04-14T00:06:15.135-07:00What do the Pope, Kim Kardashian and the Anzacs have in common?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
The answer is that they all have some major form of influence over
the upcoming centenary of the Armenian genocide, which began on April
24<sup>th</sup> 1915 – just one day prior to the famous Gallipoli
landings.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span>
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<div style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></span>
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</span>
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<div style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
Only 22 countries officially recognise the Armenian
genocide, which took the lives of at least 1.5 million people. From
what I have read this is actually a conservative estimate, and does
not take into account the deaths of other Christian minorities.
Recognition – or rather the lack of it – is a major political
issue for some of the countries which have important relationships
with Turkey. New Zealand, along with the US, Australia and Israel all
fail to officially recognise the Armenian genocide. Diplomatically
making this sort of recognition is a very big deal, and Turkey takes
a very hard line against any country which dares to make this sort of
statement. With the centenary approaching, and high profile people
like the<span style="font-size: large;"><b> <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/12/pope-boosts-armenias-efforts-to-have-ottoman-killings-recognised-as-genocide">Pope</a></b></span> and<span style="font-size: large;"><b> <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/12/kim-kardashian-kanye-west-armenia-catches-up-with-kardashians">Kim Kardashian</a></b></span> helping to raise the issue, it isn't
too surprising that Turkish PM Recep Erdogan is looking for cover.
Where exactly will he hide? Well, the Anzac centenary is pretty damn
close, so who will notice if he moves it a day behind to coincide
with the Armenian genocide centenary?
</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span>
<br>
<div style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br>
</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/04/what-do-pope-kim-kardashian-and-anzacs.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-53065042472181410392015-04-12T17:14:00.000-07:002015-04-12T19:24:49.574-07:00Anzac 'remembrance' and Anzac virtues: different narratives<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiENiUeFnoojFiNYTudUTGFk8wjMP6nYufclGB8gWowLuvjwbsXdGs1HLF1TPpS0LKG0yYAMjvGIX1hlI5og4qoidryfmrdhrppQKwHFXFA9gepIhbD3Do6Ya1pzgUC1Eh2LkduXXSnxCFF/s1600/johnalee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiENiUeFnoojFiNYTudUTGFk8wjMP6nYufclGB8gWowLuvjwbsXdGs1HLF1TPpS0LKG0yYAMjvGIX1hlI5og4qoidryfmrdhrppQKwHFXFA9gepIhbD3Do6Ya1pzgUC1Eh2LkduXXSnxCFF/s1600/johnalee.jpg" height="400" width="263"></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John A Lee in 1936. He lost his arm in the war.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><br></span>
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</span>
<br>
<div style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">How exactly are we supposed to
honour the solemn Anzac imperative 'Lest We Forget'? After a century,
actual living memories of the so called 'Great War' no longer exist.
The thousands of dead New Zealanders and Australians who died on the
slopes of Gallipoli are represented by lists of names etched onto
memorials, black and white photos of young men wearing lemon squeezer
hats. Newspapers run hundreds of stories about individual soldiers
and how and where they died. Families are shown holding pictures of
their relatives from 100 years ago, medals are proudly displayed.
Thousands of people will wear red poppies and attend dawn services
on April 25<sup>th</sup> in order to attempt to honour the memory of
the dead.
</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span>
<br>
<div style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><br>
</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/04/anzac-remembrance-and-anzac-virtues.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-60058279283028548702015-04-11T20:22:00.002-07:002015-04-12T00:31:34.546-07:00John Key's Gallipoli Wisdom<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
</span>
<br>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I've been working on
a sort of 'side project' recently which involves learning more about
the Middle East. I'm particularly interested in the historical
connections between what we see happening now in places such as Syria
and Iraq, and the dissolution and carving up of the Ottoman Empire
after WW1. I'm also interested in Turkey, one of the most powerful
and relatively stable states to form out of the ruins of the Ottoman
Empire. As I wrote a couple of years ago, it was the experience of
travelling in Turkey and seeing all of the massive monuments
dedicated to Kemal Ataturk which got me thinking about the strange
and disturbing reality of the New Zealand Anzac tradition.</span><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"></span>
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</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/04/john-keys-gallipoli-wisdom.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-12926388853546569692015-04-07T16:37:00.000-07:002015-04-07T19:52:13.154-07:00Should we commemorate a 'colour blind' Anzac day?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Which wars are more
significant for New Zealand's history, the wars of dispossession waged
against Maori during the 19<sup>th</sup> century or the imperialist
wars of the 20<sup>th</sup> century? Anzac day effectively captures
the century between 1915 and 2015, but reduces the previous era of
settler colonialism to an insignificant status. Australia has a
similar pattern, and struggles with the issue of recognising its
'indigenous diggers'.
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Rachel Buchanan's
article 'The dementia wing of history' is a really insightful
critique of the “Tomb of the Unknown Warrior”. Here is a sample:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><b>The absence of
any reference to New Zealand's first wars at the Tomb of the Unknown
Warrior or at the National War Memorial that looms up behind it,
suggests that these wars are moving even further from the centre of
national collective memory. The wars of foundation are certainly not
forgotten but they remain peripheral, problematic and contested,
unable, somehow, to be integrated into popular, bicultural rituals of
commemoration.</b></span></div>
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</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/04/should-we-commemorate-colour-blind.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-84240303764094989072015-04-06T19:14:00.000-07:002015-04-07T19:50:41.078-07:00Some thoughts on the 'Camp Gallipoli' saga<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I knew nothing about
the 'Camp Gallipoli' concept until today when I heard about it on the
radio. For the price of a mere $100, New Zealanders would be entitled
to the privilege of camping out under the stars in Ellerslie
Racecourse, honouring the memory of the brave Anzacs by sleeping
outside and being woken at dawn for a special memorial service. Local
band Evermore would provide the theme tune to the event, and high
profile New Zealanders such as Sir Richard Hadlee, Sir Graham Henry,
Annabel Langbein and Nigel Latta were backing the event alongside the
RSA.
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Unfortunately for
the organisers only 102 people bought tickets, and they have had to
cancel the event because it is not viable. It was planned to attract
between 10,000 and 20,000 people.</span></div>
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</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/04/some-thoughts-on-camp-gallipoli-saga.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-29754310058044049152015-04-02T13:01:00.002-07:002015-04-02T14:04:10.081-07:00A reminder about my other blog<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I try to keep this blog solidly focused on Anzac / WW1 related topics, everything else I write goes on my other blog 'Pseudo Reality Prevails'. Sometimes there is ambiguous overlap though, and I recently wrote a piece on Ormond E Burton which falls into two categories. Its more about his socialist politics though, and how this relates to more obscure issues like Esperanto. Check it out here:</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"> <a href="http://psuedorealityprevails.blogspot.co.nz/2015/03/esperanto-and-politics-dont-mix-lesson.html">http://psuedorealityprevails.blogspot.co.nz/2015/03/esperanto-and-politics-dont-mix-lesson.html</a></span><br />
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Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-33409468368885424392015-04-01T17:31:00.000-07:002015-04-02T13:45:43.768-07:00The Deceptions of Remembrance: how does the Anzac myth frame WW1 history?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b>(This is an edited version of an earlier post, which was much longer and politer. As April 25th approaches I am inclined to increase the anger and outrage on this blog. Lest We Remember.)</b><br>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">There are two
massive photographic images which border the entrance to the
'Dunedin's Great War' exhibit currently on display at the Otago Early
Settler's Museum. One one side a small boy is saluting a large Union
Jack flag. On the other side is the picture of a young Otago Anzac
soldier dressed in a kilt. As you walk in to the exhibit you are
surrounded by brightly lit photos of the faces of the young men from
Otago who died during the first world war, large panels of bright red
poppies and gravestones. These images are deceptively innocent,
powerfully framing the way in which we are supposed to 'remember' our
history of involvement with the imperialist bloodbath which took
place during the years between 1914 and 1918.</span></div>
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</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-deceptions-of-remembrance-how-does.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-90604005421263379272015-03-21T01:29:00.000-07:002015-04-02T13:42:53.086-07:00“All that clack about the British Empire”<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">In my
previous posts about the 'Dunedin's Great War' exhibit, I discussed
the use of the prominent images depicting 'Empire patriotism'. I
argued that the images emphasised a 'monolithic' view of New
Zealander's attitudes towards the British empire in general and the
first world war in particular. The political views and identities of
people who didn't fit into this dominant patriotic code are pushed
into the margins of history: Irish nationalists, the many Maori
people who took positions similar to that of Te Puea, pacifists,
socialists and anarchists.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: small;">Just
how big was this motley collection of 'disloyal' New Zealanders? In a<i><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></span></i></span></span></span><i><span style="color: red;"><a href="http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2014/06/07/grig-j07.html" rel="nofollow">recent interview </a>,</span></i><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"><i><span style="color: red;"> </span></i>Stevan Eldred Grigg suggests that it was a fairly
significant minority:</span></span><br>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span><br>
</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/03/all-that-clack-about-british-empire.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-87126811578926315292015-03-07T19:35:00.003-08:002015-04-02T13:46:06.998-07:00A few thoughts on Stevan Eldred-Grigg's 'The Great Wrong War'<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDIPG2W4ADEC9bE0HLvrkjjhUyaftr8vJ111ptKI3QTIQ1WDVsJ6ncFgDs67Ff0lFKjXkn2nfKhe8_KMf_O_ZA5qRI0Q6fxh_jjwdIVy51INMxdYAsZMXH1Hg7FMYwQAgyhDVQoeOhg9qD/s1600/9781869792633.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDIPG2W4ADEC9bE0HLvrkjjhUyaftr8vJ111ptKI3QTIQ1WDVsJ6ncFgDs67Ff0lFKjXkn2nfKhe8_KMf_O_ZA5qRI0Q6fxh_jjwdIVy51INMxdYAsZMXH1Hg7FMYwQAgyhDVQoeOhg9qD/s1600/9781869792633.jpg" height="400" width="262"></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I read this book
very recently, and have been meaning to write a 'proper' review on it
for some time. Unfortunately I have too many other projects on the
go, so I it might never happen. So instead of a 'proper review' just
a few thoughts.</span></div>
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</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/03/a-few-thoughts-on-stevan-eldred-griggs.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-200672700199402844.post-77800019524978105032015-02-28T22:48:00.003-08:002015-04-02T13:46:25.879-07:00The Wass'ah Riots<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">I've spent a
considerable amount of time recently researching the so called
'Battle of the Wazza'. It's a fairly marginal and neglected segment
of 'Anzac history', which involved a series of riots in Cairo during
the war. The perpetrators of the riots were mostly Australian and New
Zealand soldiers who were undergoing training in camps very close to
the city of Cairo. The people on the receiving end of the violence
were the prostitutes and pimps in the Wass'ah district of Cairo. The
phrase 'Battle of the Wazza' is misleading in three ways:
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</div></div><a href="http://100yearsoftrenches.blogspot.com/2015/02/the-wassah-riots.html#more">Read more »</a>Timhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03217758748980109814noreply@blogger.com0